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After more than a year of international outrage over Russia's invasion of Ukraine and shocking atrocities, there is now an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin. The International Criminal Court today announced charges against Putin and Russian official Maria Lvova-Belova in connection with an alleged scheme to forcibly deport thousands of Ukrainian children to Russia.
There have long been calls for the court to bring charges against Putin. It has been investigating allegations of war crimes in Ukraine since Russia first invaded part of the country in 2014. Those calls intensified with the all-out occupation last year.
Karim Khan, the chief prosecutor of the ICC (International Criminal Court), has spoken about his efforts and the need to methodically build cases with evidence. That said, the likelihood that Russia's president will ever physically see the inside of a courtroom as long as he is in power in Russia seems beyond slim.
But what is a war crime?
The International Criminal Court has specific definitions for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression. Khan said there can be justified attacks on civilian areas if they are used to carry out attacks. But even then, he said, attacks on civilian areas cannot be disproportionate. There is a method of gathering evidence from testimonies, satellite images and elsewhere to meet the burden of proof.
What is the International Criminal Court?
Located in The Hague, Netherlands, and created by a treaty called the 'Rome Statute' first brought before the United Nations, the International Criminal Court operates independently.
Who can be judged by the court?
Anyone charged with a crime within the court's jurisdiction can be tried. The court judges people, not countries, and focuses on those who bear the greatest responsibility: leaders and officials. Ukraine is not a member of the court, but has previously accepted its jurisdiction. Therefore, Putin has the right to be sued by the court for ordering war crimes in Ukraine.
However, the ICC does not conduct trials in absentia, so Putin would either have to be surrendered by Russia or arrested outside of Russia. This seems impossible as long as Putin is in power.
What crimes does the court deal with?
GJNP-ja është menduar të jetë një gjykatë e “zgjidhjes së fundit” dhe nuk ka për qëllim të zëvendësojë sistemin e drejtësisë të një vendi. Gjykata, e cila ka 18 gjyqtarë që shërbejnë për 9 vjet, gjykojnë katër lloje krimesh: gjenocid, krime kundër njerëzimit, krime agresioni dhe krime lufte.
Si i drejton GJNP-ja procedimet?
Procedurat gjyqësore mund të zhvillohen në një nga dy mënyrat: Ose një qeveri kombëtare ose Këshilli i Sigurimit i OKB-së mund t'i referojë rastet për hetim. Rusia, një anëtare e përhershme e Këshillit të Sigurimit të OKB-së, ka të drejtën e vetos mbi veprimet e këshillit. Ishin kërkesat e 39 qeverive, shumica e tyre evropiane, ato që nisën hetimin ndaj Putin.
Sa kohë zgjasin këto hetime?
Nëse drejtësia në përgjithësi ecën ngadalë, drejtësia ndërkombëtare mezi lëviz. Hetimet në ICC zgjasin shumë vite. Vetëm një pjesë e vogël e dënimeve janë fituar ndonjëherë.
Si do të ndikonte një rast ICC në konflikt?
“Për mirë apo për keq, hetimi i ICC-së mund të ndikojë në hapësirën diplomatike për negociata,”- tha Goodman, duke argumentuar se Putini dhe rusët e tjerë mund të mos duan të rrezikojnë arrestimin nëse udhëtojnë jashtë vendit për të negociuar.
"Rusët mund të kuptojnë se kjo është një tjetër arsye pse Putini nuk mund t'i shërbejë më vendit të tyre,"-tha Goodman.
Çfarë ndodhi para GJNP-së?
Gjyqe të mëparshme për krime lufte trajtuan autokratin serb Slobodan Millosheviç dhe për gjenocidin e Ruandës.
Pse SHBA dhe Rusia nuk janë anëtarë të ICC?
Both the US and Russia are signatories to the treaty that created the court – meaning their leaders signed it – but neither is a member. Russia withdrew from the court in 2016, days after an ICC report published on CNN what it described as a "condemning verdict" over the Russian invasion of Crimea in 2014. At the time, France had also accused Russia for committing war crimes in Syria./CNN
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